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Author(s):
H. Sugama, T.-H. Watanabe and W. Horton
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Title:
Collisionless Kinetic-fluid Model of Zonal Flows in Toroidal Plasmas
Date of publication:
Dec. 2006
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Key words:
closure model, zonal flows, geodesic acoustic modes, ion temperature gradient modes, electron temperature gradient modes
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Abstract:
A novel kinetic-fluid model is presented, which describes collisionless time evolution of zonal flows in tokamaks. In the new zonal-flow closure relations, the parallel heat fluxes are written by the sum of short- and long-time-evolution parts. The former part is given in the dissipative form of the parallel heat diffusion and relates to collisionless damping processes. The latter is derived from the long-time-averaged gyrocenter distribution and plays a major role in describing low-frequency or stationary zonal flows, for which the parallel heat fluxes are expressed in terms of the parallel flow as well as the nonlinear-source and initial-condition terms. It is shown analytically and numerically that, when applied to the zonal flow driven by either ion or electron temperature gradient turbulence, the kinetic-fluid equations including the new closure relations can reproduce the same long-time zonal-flow responses to the initial condition and to the turbulence source as those obtained from the gyrokinetic model.
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