Nonlinear Dynamics of Plasma Particles in Capillary Discharge of Soft X-ray Laser, in Nanotube Sources, in Cylindrical Trap, at Heavy Drop Separation from Plasma Flow, at Enhancement of Beam's Ion Charge

V.I.Maslov, I.I.Aksenov, N.A.Azarenkov1), A.M.Egorov, A.A.Goncharov2), I.N.Onishchenko, G.A.Skorobagat'ko1), I.K.Tarasov, V.N.Tretyakov1)

NSC Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov 61108, Ukraine
1)Karazin Kharkov National University, Kharkov, 61108, Ukraine
2)Institute of Physics NASU, 252650 Kiev

The Z-pinch evolution [1] in the capillary discharge of the soft X-ray laser is investigated. It is of interest in connection with the importance of the laser X-ray generation in economic compact systems and wide X-ray applications. One can increase the laser X-ray energy due to increase of the number of the laser pulses. We show that the use of the small magnetic field H can reduce the energy losses, improve the plasma uniformity, provides additional mechanism of laser medium creation, the increase of laser pulse amount. The cylindrical cusp kind of the magnetic field H separator for heavy drop separation from plasma flow for the film coating is very important. Plasma flow propagate along axis. Plasma electrons are magnetized. According to charge neutralization the light positive ions propagate along H to cylindrical wall. We show that for any plasma flow velocity and radius and for any H curvature there is optimum H for the best plasma flow control. For the smaller and larger H the flow control is essentially worse. The expression for optimum H is derived. The excitation of electric trap for beam's electrons, which move through a magnetized metallic tube, is investigated. We show that on the ends of the cylinder two dips of the electric potential are formed and the electric potential hump-trap is formed in the central region of the tube due to development of dissipative, diocotron, gradient, Pierce and stream instabilities.
Controllable nanotube formation is important (see [2]). The formation of carbon nanotubes in the plasma discharge and by the fullerene molecule flow on catalytic surface or surface with defects is considered. The universal expression for number of layers of multilayered nanotubes is derived. The mechanism of ultra-long nanotube formation and the role of bombardment for the formation of ideal symmetrical nanotubes are considered. It has been shown that if the fullerene kinetic energy exceeds 0.74% of the binding energy of all carbon atoms of the nanotube the nanotube can brake. For convenient further use the nanotubes are oriented in the ordered comb by an electric field. The electric field should be more than one value and less than second value. Both values have been determined. At small energies of fullerene molecules the single-wall nanotubes are formed. The mechanism of nanotube filling by fullerene molecules and the resonant mechanism of nanotube origin are considered. The expressions for the time of nanotube formation and for the distribution function of formed nanotubes on their lengths are derived. In the crossed electrical and magnetic fields the vortices are excited. The additional ionization of passing beam ions by electron vortices is considered. The importance is determined by necessity of obtaining of multi-charge ions. We show that at magnetic field H, smaller the optimum H, the electron density n grows with H growth. At small excess of H over its optimum value n falls with H growth. At significant excess of H over its optimum value n grows with H growth.

References

[1]G.Niimi et al. IEEE Pulsed Power Plasma Science. 2001.
[2]G.-H.Jeong et al. Proc. XXV ICPIG. Nagoya. 2 (2001) 155.